DeFiPP consolidates the research work carried out in three pre-existing centers, CRED, CEREFIM and CERPE, each of which represents one of the three main areas of research: development economics, public policy and regional economics and finance, and monetary economics. DeFiPP's main objective is to promote excellent research in economics and finance, with a high international profile, using economic methodology, both in theory and empirical research, which is the common link between the clusters. Cross-fertilization will take place through the joint sharing of new methods or approaches.
L'objectif principal de DeFiPP est de promouvoir l'excellence de la recherche en économie et en finance par le biais de publications scientifiques théoriques et empiriques de premier plan. Pour ce faire, l'institut s'appuie fortement sur les interactions entre les membres de ses trois centres de recherche et encourage le partage de méthodes et d'approches. DeFiPP vise également à développer une visibilité nationale et internationale en collaborant avec des chercheurs de nombreuses universités et de nombreux pays. A cet égard, l'institut, avec plusieurs autres universités belges (KULeuven, UCLouvain et Universiteit Antwerpen), est actuellement impliqué dans le projet Excellence of Science (EOS) qui se concentre sur le développement des connaissances sur les conséquences de la mondialisation et de l'intégration des marchés dans les pays développés et en voie de développement.
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Better prediction of climate extremes
Better prediction of climate extremes
Statistics usually focus on anticipating events that fall within the norm. But what about rare events? They are dealt with by a branch of mathematics called extreme value theory, in which Anna Kiriliouk, lecturer in statistics at UNamur, is a specialist. Applied to the climate, this theory enables us to better predict extreme climatic events, at a time when these are multiplying due to climate change.
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This article is taken from the "Impact" section of the December 2024 issue of Omalius magazine.
On the night of January 31, 1953, the North Sea suddenly rose by almost four meters, submerging parts of the Netherlands and Belgium. The disaster caused the death of over 2,500 people, as well as considerable damage. According to Anna Kiriliouk, lecturer in statistics at UNamur's Department of Mathematics and EMCP Faculty, this exceptional event truly marked "the beginning of the development of extreme value theory, with the development of the first extreme value construction project"
The Delta Plan, as it is called, is a system of dikes that protects the Netherlands against the risk of flooding, with these dikes overtopping once every 10,000 years. A rare danger, certainly, but not zero, which "could not have been calculated using conventional statistics, which are very poorly adapted to rare events", believes the mathematician.
While climate change is often discussed in terms of averages, such as rising temperatures and sea levels, it also has the consequence of increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, with significant repercussions for our societies. "In other words, the risk increases along with the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere", summarizes the researcher. "Thus, a flood calculated in 1953 to occur only every 10,000 years does not have the same significance as today. The latter could happen more frequently, for example every 1,000 years."
Attributing extreme events
While extreme weather events are on the increase, it's difficult in practice to attribute any particular flood or drought to climate change. With this in mind, Anna Kiriliouk has just been awarded an interdisciplinary research project,named EXALT, in collaboration with UCLouvain. "It involves both climatologists and statisticians, she reveals.
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"This collaboration is very important, because answering this question of the attribution of extreme events can only be done through the development of a common language between our two disciplines, which currently operate separately. We have a lot to learn from each other"
In practice, the EXALT project will therefore calculate the probabilities of an extreme event occurring, and compare this probability with that of the same situation in a world where GHG emissions would not have increased. "Of course, we don't have real data from such a world", says Anna Kiriliouk. "We are therefore basing ourselves on alternative climate simulations, the quality of which we will moreover compare, with a focus on extreme events."
Divided into three working groups, the EXALT project will seek in particular to determine the role of climate change in the occurrence of floods, as well as heat waves and drought in Europe. And to do so as realistically as possible: "One of the things we want to incorporate into climate models concerns the dependency between data," explains Anna Kiriliouk. "For example, if a heat wave hits Namur, there's a good chance that the same temperatures will affect Louvain-La-Neuve. We therefore say that there is a strong spatial dependency between these two data. However, this dependence is probably not at all valid for rain, which is much more heterogeneous. By taking into account all these variables, both spatial and temporal, we hope to improve existing models."
A third working group will study much more distant areas, located in Antarctica. "Until 2016, the extent of the Antarctic ice pack was increasing, before abruptly decreasing", the researcher illuminates. "Or, according to the models, this event was considered almost impossible. But with one of EXALT's partners, we began to analyze the evolution of pack ice extent using extreme value theory. With the latter, this sudden drop was no longer so improbable. This gave us confidence in our approach, which is all the more important when the state of the pack ice has such a strong influence on other climate variables."
Compound events
This interaction between several climatic processes is, moreover, the subject of a second project just obtained by Anna Kiriliouk and funded by an FNRS Mandat d'Impulsion Scientifique. "The aim is to make it possible to study what we call compound events", explains the researcher. "During extreme climatic situations, we usually associate very high or low values simultaneously, such as a lack of rain and high temperature, resulting in an intense drought. But in the case of compound phenomena, we find that the combination of several variables, albeit in a moderate state, results in a severe and unusual event."
In 2017, for example, Hurricane Sandy, which struck the US coastline, is considered a compound event. While North Atlantic hurricanes usually dissipate in mid-ocean, this one coincided with onshore winds and a high tide, leading to massive flooding of New York and the surrounding area.
"In this project, we will therefore try to include more flexibility between the different variables, by introducing different degrees of dependence, the mathematician elaborates. "We're also going to try, as a second step, to group the dependencies together, in order to lighten the models, which become more and more complex as we add nuances to them. And once these models have been modified, we'll apply them to recent events to test their realism."
EXALT - ARC project (FWB)
Funded by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation (FWB), ARC projects are Concerted Research Action projects that aim to develop university or inter-university centers of excellence in basic research areas and, where possible, that carry out basic and applied research in an integrated way and aim to add economic and social value to research results.
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Mandat d'impulsion scientifique (MIS) - FNRS
The aim of the funding granted is to support young permanent researchers wishing to develop a scientific unit within their academic institution in a promising field. This mandate has earned Anna Kiriliouk a fellowship from Namur Research College (NARC).
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This article is taken from the "Impact" section of Omalius magazine #35 (December 2024).
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Former UNamur doctoral student featured in The Economist
Former UNamur doctoral student featured in The Economist
The research of Dr. Nitin Bharti, a former PhD student in the Economics Department of the EMCP Faculty at the University of Namur, is covered in "The Economist", the prestigious international business magazine. The article deals with one of his favorite research themes: understanding the development of education systems and their link with economic growth and long-term inequality.
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Nitin Bharti is currently a postdoctoral researcher in the Economics Program of the Division of Social Sciences at New York University Abu Dhabi. He is also coordinator of the World Inequality Lab for South and Southeast Asia. He received his PhD in economics from the Paris School of Economics (PSE) and the University of Namur in September 2022 under the supervision of his promoters, Thomas Piketty (PSE) and Guilhem Cassan (UNamur).
His doctoral thesis at UNamur studied different dimensions of inequality in India:
- Inequality of access to education (covered by the article in the Economist),
- Inequality of income and wealth,
- Inequality of treatment in the face of justice.
For each of these projects, he conducted extraordinary data collection work, searching for new data in historical archives, or using new website data-mining methods to collect large-scale contemporary administrative data. He then exploited this data via cutting-edge econometric methods.
These topics are also at the heart of the themes developed at UNamur, for both teaching and research.
In fact, the DeFiPP Institute has recognized expertise in development economics and environmental economics. Its researchers are very active internationally. Some of DeFiPP's members, for example, have Jim Robinson, Nobel Prize 2024 for his research on the role of institutions in economic development, as a co-author on their articles.
These issues are also at the heart of many of the Economics Department's courses, at both bachelor and master levels. The Department of Economics is keen to offer its students an education that enables them to gain a better understanding of major contemporary societal issues. The Department also has a very long tradition of teaching issues related to the management of environmental resources, inequalities and sustainable development in general.
The Economist | "Bureaucrats, not bridge-builders"
In the article published by The Economist, Nitin Bharti and his co-author Li Yang answer this question: are educational policy choices in India and China at the root of these two countries' economic divergence? The researchers tracked the evolution of education in India and China between 1900 and 2020. According to their study, educational policy is an important and underestimated factor in explaining the trajectories of these countries.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, less than 10% of Indian and Chinese children attended school; today, almost all do. But the path to universal education has been remarkably different, and has had profound effects on the development of both countries' economies.
EMCP Faculty | Studies in the Department of Economics
Comprendre la dimension fondamentale du fonctionnement des entreprises et de notre société pour conseiller et agir en expert et décideur responsable.
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21 new F.R.S.-FNRS grants for research at UNamur
21 new F.R.S.-FNRS grants for research at UNamur
The F.R.S.-FNRS has just published the results of its various 2024 calls. Equipment calls, research credits and projects, FRIA doctoral grants and Mandant d'Impulsion Scientifique (MIS), there are many instruments to support fundamental research. Find out more about UNamur's results.
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The "research credits and projects" call resulted in 14 grants for ambitious new projects. These include two "equipment" grants, five "research credits (CDR)" grants and seven "research projects (PDR)" grants, including one in collaboration with the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland. The FRIA doctoral research support call will fund 6 doctoral fellowships.
A prestigious Mandat d'Impulsion Scientifique (MIS) has also been obtained. This 3-year funding supports young permanent researchers wishing to develop an original and innovative research program while acquiring scientific autonomy within their department.
Results in detail
Call for Equipment
- Max Collinet, Institut ILEE
- Catherine Michaux, with Stéphane Vincent and Guillaume Berionni, co-sponsors, Institut NISM
Call for Research Credits (CDR)
- Thierry Arnould, Institut NARILIS
- Thomas Balligand, Department of Medicine
- Danielle Leenaerts, Institut PaTHs
- Denis Saint-Amand, Institut NaLTT
- Elio Tuci, Institut NADI
Appel Projets de Recherche (PDR)
- Nathalie Burnay, in collaboration with "the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland", Institut Transitions (Subject to acceptance by SNSF Switzerland)
- Catherine Guirkinger, Institut DEFIPP, co-promoter in collaboration with UCLouvain
- Luca Fusaro, Institut NISM
- Laurence Meurant, Institut NaLTT
- René Preys, Institut PaTHs
- Stéphane Vincent, Institut NISM, co-promoter in collaboration with UCLouvain
- Johan Wouters, Institut NISM, co-promoter in collaboration with UCLouvain
Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA)
- Alix Buridant - Promoter: Henri-François Renard, Institut NARILIS ; Co-sponsor: Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck - Austria -
- Constance De Maere d'Aertrycke - Promoter Nicolas Gillet, Institut NARILIS
- Noah Deveaux - Promoter: Benoît Champagne, Institut NISM
- Nicolas Dricot - Promoter: Muriel Lepère, Institut NISM; Co-promoter: Bastien Vispoel, Institut NISM and Université Grenoble Alpes
- Laurie Marchal - Promoter Thierry Arnould. Co-promoter: Patricia Renard. Institut NARILIS
- Léa Poskin - Promoter: Catherine Michaux, Institut NISM; Co-promoter: Jean-Pierre Gillet, Institut NARILIS
Mandat d'Impulsion Scientifique (MIS)
- Arthur Borriello, Institut Transitions
Congratulations to all and sundry
!F.R.S.-FNRS missions
The mission of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS is to develop basic scientific research through initiatives presented by researchers. It promotes the production and development of knowledge by supporting individual researchers on the one hand, and by financing research programs carried out in laboratories and departments located mainly in the universities of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation on the other.
Based on the sole criterion of scientific excellence, financial support from the F.R.S.-FNRS is provided in several ways. Numerous calls for funding are launched each year to support fundamental research at all levels of researchers' careers.
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The UNamur to host two prestigious international Francqui Chairs in April 2023
The UNamur to host two prestigious international Francqui Chairs in April 2023
From 17 April 2023, UNamur will host two prestigious international Francqui Chairs. Professor Timoteo Carletti (Department of Mathematics - naXys Institute) will host Professor Ginestra Bianconi, one of the leading experts on networks and high-order structures. Professor Romain Houssa (Faculty of Economics, Social Sciences and Management - DeFiPP Institute) will welcome Professor Karel Mertens, an expert in macroeconomics.
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La Fondation Francqui et les Chaires internationales
En 1932, Emile Francqui, diplomate et philanthrope belge et Herbert Hoover, politicien et ancien président américain créèrent un Fonds doté d’un capital important et dont l’objet serait de « promouvoir le développement du haut enseignement et de la recherche scientifique en Belgique ». Cela comprend l’encouragement de la collaboration interuniversitaire et internationale.
Ces Chaires internationales sont attribuées chaque année par la Fondation Francqui. Le titulaire de la Chaire séjourne entre 3 et 6 mois auprès de l’une des institutions mais partage ses activités entre tous les partenaires institutionnels. Ceci permet de renforcer la collaboration avec l’étranger, et d’élargir l’horizon des jeunes chercheurs et collaborateurs universitaires.
Une Chaire internationale Francqui, c’est :
- une leçon inaugurale avec remise de la médaille Francqui au titulaire.
- une participation active à la vie scientifique des groupes concernés.
- des « Class of excellence » qui contribuent à la formation des jeunes par le biais de contacts et d’exposés dans les universités impliquées.
- un symposium de clôture
A partir du 17 avril 2023 | Chaire internationale Francqui en mathématiques
Le Professeur Timoteo Carletti (Département de mathématiques - Institut naXys) accueilleGinestra Bianconi, Professeure à la Queen Mary University London and The Alan Turing Institute (UK), qui est l'une des principales expertes en matière de réseaux et de structures d'ordre élevé. Elle a obtenu sa maîtrise à l'Université de Rome La Sapienza (Italie), puis son doctorat à l'Université Notre Dame (États-Unis) sous la direction du professeur Barabasi, l'un des pères de la science des réseaux. Après quelques années passées à Fribourg (Allemagne) et au Centre international de physique théorique de Trieste (Italie), elle a rejoint la faculté de la Northeastern University (États-Unis) en tant que professeur assistant. Enfin, en 2013, elle est devenue maître de conférences à l'université Queen Mary de Londres, où elle est aujourd'hui professeur titulaire.
Les activités organisées dans le cadre de cette Chaire s'adressent aux étudiants en master, aux doctorants et aux chercheurs intéressés par les systèmes dynamiques, la synchronisation, la science des réseaux, les modèles d'ordre élevé et leurs interactions.
Dans la série de conférences prévues, la Professeure Bianconi présentera aux participants les concepts de base et les outils mathématiques des réseaux d'ordre élevé. La conférence inaugurale sera plus générale, destinée à un public plus large, et sera suivie d'un cocktail. Les quatre autres conférences seront plus techniques, mais toujours ouvertes à tous les chercheurs et étudiants ayant des connaissances de base en mathématiques.
Les systèmes complexes
Une floraison de motifs spatio-temporels réguliers peut être observée dans la nature. Ils sont la signature de processus autoorganisés où des structures ordonnées émergent de structures désordonnées. Pensez aux systèmes biologiques, où les constituants microscopiques internes interagissent de manière sélective, à travers une séquence d'étapes régulées de manière auto-consistante, qui aboutissent à un comportement global cohérent et robuste. Comme un banc de poissons, où chaque animal interagit visuellement avec ses voisins et réagit en conséquence pour éviter les collisions et atteindre un objectif prescrit, par exemple, se défendre contre les prédateurs. Ou encore à un groupe de lucioles où chaque insecte, en s'adaptant au rythme de ses voisins, permet au groupe de scintiller comme un individu à part entière, amplifiant ainsi le signal lumineux émis.
Peut-on modéliser l'émergence de ces modèles ? C'est l'une des questions-clés de la recherche sur les systèmes complexes menée à l'institut naXys. En particulier, nos chercheurs ont appliqué l'outil des sciences des réseaux, où les interactions par paires existant entre les produits chimiques, les poissons ou les lucioles sont décrites par les arêtes du réseau. Cependant, il a récemment été largement reconnu que les réseaux ne fournissent qu'une approximation de premier ordre de la réalité, alors que les interactions entre les groupes formés par trois, quatre ou beaucoup plus d'individus devraient être prises en compte pour décrire avec précision le comportement du système. Pour saisir ces relations à plusieurs corps, les chercheurs ont développé des modèles de réseaux d'ordre supérieur, par exemple les complexes simpliciaux. Ces derniers présentent des caractéristiques géométriques très particulières qui permettent de montrer que la topologie a un impact fondamental sur l'évolution temporelle du système.
Les immenses possibilités offertes par le nouveau cadre des réseaux d'ordre élevé commencent à peine à être dévoilées et cette recherche de pointe devient de plus en plus pertinente dans les systèmes complexes.
Sur le même sujet
A partir du 18 avril 2023 | Chaire internationale Francqui en sciences économiques
Le Professeur Romain Houssa (Faculté de sciences économiques, sociales et de gestion – Institut DeFiPP), en collaboration avec trois institutions partenaires (KULeuven, UAntwerp et l'Université de Gand) a reçu le prestigieux prix international Francqui Professor Award 2021-2022.
Le professeur Karel Mertens séjournera à la Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales et de gestion (FSESG) du 1er avril 2023 au 30 juin 2023. Il rejoindra notre institution pour travailler sur les sujets suivants : "Inférence causale en macroéconomie" et "Effets redistributifs de la politique budgétaire et de la fiscalité".
Karel Mertens est Conseiller principal en politique économique à la Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas (FRBD), où il joue un rôle de premier plan dans le département de recherche. Il a travaillé sur le thème de l'inférence causale en macroéconomie, c'est-à-dire l'art de distinguer les causes et effets en macroéconomie. Ses recherches ont permis de comprendre les effets macroéconomiques et redistributifs de la politique fiscale, et plus particulièrement de la fiscalité, sur les effets de la politique de crédit et de la politique monétaire. Il a également produit un indicateur hebdomadaire qui permet de mesurer plus précisément l'activité économique aux États-Unis.
Karel Mertens est un chercheur renommé qui a effectué un travail remarquable dans son domaine. Il a publié dans plusieurs revues économiques de premier plan, telles que le Quarterly Journal of Economics, l'American Economic Review, la Review of Economic Studies, le Journal of Monetary Economics et l'Economic Journal. Il est chercheur associé au Centre for Economic Policy Research et un rédacteur en chef adjoint du Journal of European Economic Association.
L’inférence causale en macroéconomie
La distinction entre les cause et effets est au cœur de la recherche universitaire en macroéconomie et de nombreux débats importants sur les politiques publiques, comme en témoignent les prix Nobel en sciences économiques (2011). Les développements récents en macroéconométrie et sur les mesures des aggrégats macroéconomiques ont permis de mieux comprendre l’impact des politiques et des événements inattendus sur la macroéconomie. Lors de son séjour chez nous, Karel Mertens donera une leçon sur le thème de l'inférence causale en macroéconomie à un large public d'étudiants et de chercheurs travaillant dans des organisations académiques et politiques qui ne sont pas nécessairement actifs dans ce domaine. Il présentera des applications basées sur les impacts redistributifs des politiques monétaires et fiscales.
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Better prediction of climate extremes
Better prediction of climate extremes
Statistics usually focus on anticipating events that fall within the norm. But what about rare events? They are dealt with by a branch of mathematics called extreme value theory, in which Anna Kiriliouk, lecturer in statistics at UNamur, is a specialist. Applied to the climate, this theory enables us to better predict extreme climatic events, at a time when these are multiplying due to climate change.
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This article is taken from the "Impact" section of the December 2024 issue of Omalius magazine.
On the night of January 31, 1953, the North Sea suddenly rose by almost four meters, submerging parts of the Netherlands and Belgium. The disaster caused the death of over 2,500 people, as well as considerable damage. According to Anna Kiriliouk, lecturer in statistics at UNamur's Department of Mathematics and EMCP Faculty, this exceptional event truly marked "the beginning of the development of extreme value theory, with the development of the first extreme value construction project"
The Delta Plan, as it is called, is a system of dikes that protects the Netherlands against the risk of flooding, with these dikes overtopping once every 10,000 years. A rare danger, certainly, but not zero, which "could not have been calculated using conventional statistics, which are very poorly adapted to rare events", believes the mathematician.
While climate change is often discussed in terms of averages, such as rising temperatures and sea levels, it also has the consequence of increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, with significant repercussions for our societies. "In other words, the risk increases along with the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere", summarizes the researcher. "Thus, a flood calculated in 1953 to occur only every 10,000 years does not have the same significance as today. The latter could happen more frequently, for example every 1,000 years."
Attributing extreme events
While extreme weather events are on the increase, it's difficult in practice to attribute any particular flood or drought to climate change. With this in mind, Anna Kiriliouk has just been awarded an interdisciplinary research project,named EXALT, in collaboration with UCLouvain. "It involves both climatologists and statisticians, she reveals.
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"This collaboration is very important, because answering this question of the attribution of extreme events can only be done through the development of a common language between our two disciplines, which currently operate separately. We have a lot to learn from each other"
In practice, the EXALT project will therefore calculate the probabilities of an extreme event occurring, and compare this probability with that of the same situation in a world where GHG emissions would not have increased. "Of course, we don't have real data from such a world", says Anna Kiriliouk. "We are therefore basing ourselves on alternative climate simulations, the quality of which we will moreover compare, with a focus on extreme events."
Divided into three working groups, the EXALT project will seek in particular to determine the role of climate change in the occurrence of floods, as well as heat waves and drought in Europe. And to do so as realistically as possible: "One of the things we want to incorporate into climate models concerns the dependency between data," explains Anna Kiriliouk. "For example, if a heat wave hits Namur, there's a good chance that the same temperatures will affect Louvain-La-Neuve. We therefore say that there is a strong spatial dependency between these two data. However, this dependence is probably not at all valid for rain, which is much more heterogeneous. By taking into account all these variables, both spatial and temporal, we hope to improve existing models."
A third working group will study much more distant areas, located in Antarctica. "Until 2016, the extent of the Antarctic ice pack was increasing, before abruptly decreasing", the researcher illuminates. "Or, according to the models, this event was considered almost impossible. But with one of EXALT's partners, we began to analyze the evolution of pack ice extent using extreme value theory. With the latter, this sudden drop was no longer so improbable. This gave us confidence in our approach, which is all the more important when the state of the pack ice has such a strong influence on other climate variables."
Compound events
This interaction between several climatic processes is, moreover, the subject of a second project just obtained by Anna Kiriliouk and funded by an FNRS Mandat d'Impulsion Scientifique. "The aim is to make it possible to study what we call compound events", explains the researcher. "During extreme climatic situations, we usually associate very high or low values simultaneously, such as a lack of rain and high temperature, resulting in an intense drought. But in the case of compound phenomena, we find that the combination of several variables, albeit in a moderate state, results in a severe and unusual event."
In 2017, for example, Hurricane Sandy, which struck the US coastline, is considered a compound event. While North Atlantic hurricanes usually dissipate in mid-ocean, this one coincided with onshore winds and a high tide, leading to massive flooding of New York and the surrounding area.
"In this project, we will therefore try to include more flexibility between the different variables, by introducing different degrees of dependence, the mathematician elaborates. "We're also going to try, as a second step, to group the dependencies together, in order to lighten the models, which become more and more complex as we add nuances to them. And once these models have been modified, we'll apply them to recent events to test their realism."
EXALT - ARC project (FWB)
Funded by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation (FWB), ARC projects are Concerted Research Action projects that aim to develop university or inter-university centers of excellence in basic research areas and, where possible, that carry out basic and applied research in an integrated way and aim to add economic and social value to research results.
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Mandat d'impulsion scientifique (MIS) - FNRS
The aim of the funding granted is to support young permanent researchers wishing to develop a scientific unit within their academic institution in a promising field. This mandate has earned Anna Kiriliouk a fellowship from Namur Research College (NARC).
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This article is taken from the "Impact" section of Omalius magazine #35 (December 2024).
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Former UNamur doctoral student featured in The Economist
Former UNamur doctoral student featured in The Economist
The research of Dr. Nitin Bharti, a former PhD student in the Economics Department of the EMCP Faculty at the University of Namur, is covered in "The Economist", the prestigious international business magazine. The article deals with one of his favorite research themes: understanding the development of education systems and their link with economic growth and long-term inequality.
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Nitin Bharti is currently a postdoctoral researcher in the Economics Program of the Division of Social Sciences at New York University Abu Dhabi. He is also coordinator of the World Inequality Lab for South and Southeast Asia. He received his PhD in economics from the Paris School of Economics (PSE) and the University of Namur in September 2022 under the supervision of his promoters, Thomas Piketty (PSE) and Guilhem Cassan (UNamur).
His doctoral thesis at UNamur studied different dimensions of inequality in India:
- Inequality of access to education (covered by the article in the Economist),
- Inequality of income and wealth,
- Inequality of treatment in the face of justice.
For each of these projects, he conducted extraordinary data collection work, searching for new data in historical archives, or using new website data-mining methods to collect large-scale contemporary administrative data. He then exploited this data via cutting-edge econometric methods.
These topics are also at the heart of the themes developed at UNamur, for both teaching and research.
In fact, the DeFiPP Institute has recognized expertise in development economics and environmental economics. Its researchers are very active internationally. Some of DeFiPP's members, for example, have Jim Robinson, Nobel Prize 2024 for his research on the role of institutions in economic development, as a co-author on their articles.
These issues are also at the heart of many of the Economics Department's courses, at both bachelor and master levels. The Department of Economics is keen to offer its students an education that enables them to gain a better understanding of major contemporary societal issues. The Department also has a very long tradition of teaching issues related to the management of environmental resources, inequalities and sustainable development in general.
The Economist | "Bureaucrats, not bridge-builders"
In the article published by The Economist, Nitin Bharti and his co-author Li Yang answer this question: are educational policy choices in India and China at the root of these two countries' economic divergence? The researchers tracked the evolution of education in India and China between 1900 and 2020. According to their study, educational policy is an important and underestimated factor in explaining the trajectories of these countries.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, less than 10% of Indian and Chinese children attended school; today, almost all do. But the path to universal education has been remarkably different, and has had profound effects on the development of both countries' economies.
EMCP Faculty | Studies in the Department of Economics
Comprendre la dimension fondamentale du fonctionnement des entreprises et de notre société pour conseiller et agir en expert et décideur responsable.
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21 new F.R.S.-FNRS grants for research at UNamur
21 new F.R.S.-FNRS grants for research at UNamur
The F.R.S.-FNRS has just published the results of its various 2024 calls. Equipment calls, research credits and projects, FRIA doctoral grants and Mandant d'Impulsion Scientifique (MIS), there are many instruments to support fundamental research. Find out more about UNamur's results.
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The "research credits and projects" call resulted in 14 grants for ambitious new projects. These include two "equipment" grants, five "research credits (CDR)" grants and seven "research projects (PDR)" grants, including one in collaboration with the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland. The FRIA doctoral research support call will fund 6 doctoral fellowships.
A prestigious Mandat d'Impulsion Scientifique (MIS) has also been obtained. This 3-year funding supports young permanent researchers wishing to develop an original and innovative research program while acquiring scientific autonomy within their department.
Results in detail
Call for Equipment
- Max Collinet, Institut ILEE
- Catherine Michaux, with Stéphane Vincent and Guillaume Berionni, co-sponsors, Institut NISM
Call for Research Credits (CDR)
- Thierry Arnould, Institut NARILIS
- Thomas Balligand, Department of Medicine
- Danielle Leenaerts, Institut PaTHs
- Denis Saint-Amand, Institut NaLTT
- Elio Tuci, Institut NADI
Appel Projets de Recherche (PDR)
- Nathalie Burnay, in collaboration with "the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland", Institut Transitions (Subject to acceptance by SNSF Switzerland)
- Catherine Guirkinger, Institut DEFIPP, co-promoter in collaboration with UCLouvain
- Luca Fusaro, Institut NISM
- Laurence Meurant, Institut NaLTT
- René Preys, Institut PaTHs
- Stéphane Vincent, Institut NISM, co-promoter in collaboration with UCLouvain
- Johan Wouters, Institut NISM, co-promoter in collaboration with UCLouvain
Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA)
- Alix Buridant - Promoter: Henri-François Renard, Institut NARILIS ; Co-sponsor: Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck - Austria -
- Constance De Maere d'Aertrycke - Promoter Nicolas Gillet, Institut NARILIS
- Noah Deveaux - Promoter: Benoît Champagne, Institut NISM
- Nicolas Dricot - Promoter: Muriel Lepère, Institut NISM; Co-promoter: Bastien Vispoel, Institut NISM and Université Grenoble Alpes
- Laurie Marchal - Promoter Thierry Arnould. Co-promoter: Patricia Renard. Institut NARILIS
- Léa Poskin - Promoter: Catherine Michaux, Institut NISM; Co-promoter: Jean-Pierre Gillet, Institut NARILIS
Mandat d'Impulsion Scientifique (MIS)
- Arthur Borriello, Institut Transitions
Congratulations to all and sundry
!F.R.S.-FNRS missions
The mission of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS is to develop basic scientific research through initiatives presented by researchers. It promotes the production and development of knowledge by supporting individual researchers on the one hand, and by financing research programs carried out in laboratories and departments located mainly in the universities of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation on the other.
Based on the sole criterion of scientific excellence, financial support from the F.R.S.-FNRS is provided in several ways. Numerous calls for funding are launched each year to support fundamental research at all levels of researchers' careers.
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The UNamur to host two prestigious international Francqui Chairs in April 2023
The UNamur to host two prestigious international Francqui Chairs in April 2023
From 17 April 2023, UNamur will host two prestigious international Francqui Chairs. Professor Timoteo Carletti (Department of Mathematics - naXys Institute) will host Professor Ginestra Bianconi, one of the leading experts on networks and high-order structures. Professor Romain Houssa (Faculty of Economics, Social Sciences and Management - DeFiPP Institute) will welcome Professor Karel Mertens, an expert in macroeconomics.
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La Fondation Francqui et les Chaires internationales
En 1932, Emile Francqui, diplomate et philanthrope belge et Herbert Hoover, politicien et ancien président américain créèrent un Fonds doté d’un capital important et dont l’objet serait de « promouvoir le développement du haut enseignement et de la recherche scientifique en Belgique ». Cela comprend l’encouragement de la collaboration interuniversitaire et internationale.
Ces Chaires internationales sont attribuées chaque année par la Fondation Francqui. Le titulaire de la Chaire séjourne entre 3 et 6 mois auprès de l’une des institutions mais partage ses activités entre tous les partenaires institutionnels. Ceci permet de renforcer la collaboration avec l’étranger, et d’élargir l’horizon des jeunes chercheurs et collaborateurs universitaires.
Une Chaire internationale Francqui, c’est :
- une leçon inaugurale avec remise de la médaille Francqui au titulaire.
- une participation active à la vie scientifique des groupes concernés.
- des « Class of excellence » qui contribuent à la formation des jeunes par le biais de contacts et d’exposés dans les universités impliquées.
- un symposium de clôture
A partir du 17 avril 2023 | Chaire internationale Francqui en mathématiques
Le Professeur Timoteo Carletti (Département de mathématiques - Institut naXys) accueilleGinestra Bianconi, Professeure à la Queen Mary University London and The Alan Turing Institute (UK), qui est l'une des principales expertes en matière de réseaux et de structures d'ordre élevé. Elle a obtenu sa maîtrise à l'Université de Rome La Sapienza (Italie), puis son doctorat à l'Université Notre Dame (États-Unis) sous la direction du professeur Barabasi, l'un des pères de la science des réseaux. Après quelques années passées à Fribourg (Allemagne) et au Centre international de physique théorique de Trieste (Italie), elle a rejoint la faculté de la Northeastern University (États-Unis) en tant que professeur assistant. Enfin, en 2013, elle est devenue maître de conférences à l'université Queen Mary de Londres, où elle est aujourd'hui professeur titulaire.
Les activités organisées dans le cadre de cette Chaire s'adressent aux étudiants en master, aux doctorants et aux chercheurs intéressés par les systèmes dynamiques, la synchronisation, la science des réseaux, les modèles d'ordre élevé et leurs interactions.
Dans la série de conférences prévues, la Professeure Bianconi présentera aux participants les concepts de base et les outils mathématiques des réseaux d'ordre élevé. La conférence inaugurale sera plus générale, destinée à un public plus large, et sera suivie d'un cocktail. Les quatre autres conférences seront plus techniques, mais toujours ouvertes à tous les chercheurs et étudiants ayant des connaissances de base en mathématiques.
Les systèmes complexes
Une floraison de motifs spatio-temporels réguliers peut être observée dans la nature. Ils sont la signature de processus autoorganisés où des structures ordonnées émergent de structures désordonnées. Pensez aux systèmes biologiques, où les constituants microscopiques internes interagissent de manière sélective, à travers une séquence d'étapes régulées de manière auto-consistante, qui aboutissent à un comportement global cohérent et robuste. Comme un banc de poissons, où chaque animal interagit visuellement avec ses voisins et réagit en conséquence pour éviter les collisions et atteindre un objectif prescrit, par exemple, se défendre contre les prédateurs. Ou encore à un groupe de lucioles où chaque insecte, en s'adaptant au rythme de ses voisins, permet au groupe de scintiller comme un individu à part entière, amplifiant ainsi le signal lumineux émis.
Peut-on modéliser l'émergence de ces modèles ? C'est l'une des questions-clés de la recherche sur les systèmes complexes menée à l'institut naXys. En particulier, nos chercheurs ont appliqué l'outil des sciences des réseaux, où les interactions par paires existant entre les produits chimiques, les poissons ou les lucioles sont décrites par les arêtes du réseau. Cependant, il a récemment été largement reconnu que les réseaux ne fournissent qu'une approximation de premier ordre de la réalité, alors que les interactions entre les groupes formés par trois, quatre ou beaucoup plus d'individus devraient être prises en compte pour décrire avec précision le comportement du système. Pour saisir ces relations à plusieurs corps, les chercheurs ont développé des modèles de réseaux d'ordre supérieur, par exemple les complexes simpliciaux. Ces derniers présentent des caractéristiques géométriques très particulières qui permettent de montrer que la topologie a un impact fondamental sur l'évolution temporelle du système.
Les immenses possibilités offertes par le nouveau cadre des réseaux d'ordre élevé commencent à peine à être dévoilées et cette recherche de pointe devient de plus en plus pertinente dans les systèmes complexes.
Sur le même sujet
A partir du 18 avril 2023 | Chaire internationale Francqui en sciences économiques
Le Professeur Romain Houssa (Faculté de sciences économiques, sociales et de gestion – Institut DeFiPP), en collaboration avec trois institutions partenaires (KULeuven, UAntwerp et l'Université de Gand) a reçu le prestigieux prix international Francqui Professor Award 2021-2022.
Le professeur Karel Mertens séjournera à la Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales et de gestion (FSESG) du 1er avril 2023 au 30 juin 2023. Il rejoindra notre institution pour travailler sur les sujets suivants : "Inférence causale en macroéconomie" et "Effets redistributifs de la politique budgétaire et de la fiscalité".
Karel Mertens est Conseiller principal en politique économique à la Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas (FRBD), où il joue un rôle de premier plan dans le département de recherche. Il a travaillé sur le thème de l'inférence causale en macroéconomie, c'est-à-dire l'art de distinguer les causes et effets en macroéconomie. Ses recherches ont permis de comprendre les effets macroéconomiques et redistributifs de la politique fiscale, et plus particulièrement de la fiscalité, sur les effets de la politique de crédit et de la politique monétaire. Il a également produit un indicateur hebdomadaire qui permet de mesurer plus précisément l'activité économique aux États-Unis.
Karel Mertens est un chercheur renommé qui a effectué un travail remarquable dans son domaine. Il a publié dans plusieurs revues économiques de premier plan, telles que le Quarterly Journal of Economics, l'American Economic Review, la Review of Economic Studies, le Journal of Monetary Economics et l'Economic Journal. Il est chercheur associé au Centre for Economic Policy Research et un rédacteur en chef adjoint du Journal of European Economic Association.
L’inférence causale en macroéconomie
La distinction entre les cause et effets est au cœur de la recherche universitaire en macroéconomie et de nombreux débats importants sur les politiques publiques, comme en témoignent les prix Nobel en sciences économiques (2011). Les développements récents en macroéconométrie et sur les mesures des aggrégats macroéconomiques ont permis de mieux comprendre l’impact des politiques et des événements inattendus sur la macroéconomie. Lors de son séjour chez nous, Karel Mertens donera une leçon sur le thème de l'inférence causale en macroéconomie à un large public d'étudiants et de chercheurs travaillant dans des organisations académiques et politiques qui ne sont pas nécessairement actifs dans ce domaine. Il présentera des applications basées sur les impacts redistributifs des politiques monétaires et fiscales.
Agenda
Academic writing" training
The institut DeFiPP is organizing a doctoral training course on academic writing, open to doctoral students and other researchers from all institutes and research centers of the University of Namur or another institution.
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The 5-session program
- Session 1: Friday, May 23, 2025, 10:00-13:00 | Improving structure and style
- Session 2: Friday, June 6, 2025, 10:00-13:00 | Writing an introduction and literature review
- Session 3: Friday, June 13, 2025, 10:00-13:00 | Writing a methods, results and discussion section; peer review of participants' papers
- Session 4: Friday, June 20, 2025, 10:00-13:00 | General and individual feedback
- Session 5: Friday, June 27, 2025, 10:00-13:00 | Communicating your research to a wider audience
Space is limited and priority will be given to early registration.
Price: 200€
Deadline for registrations: 31/01/2025
Les points forts de DeFiPP
- L'intégration de domaines de recherche et d'approches qui différent mais sont liés, tant en économie qu'en finance.
- L'importance des trois centres de recherche de l'institut. En particulier, le CRED est considéré comme un centre de pointe en économie du développement en Europe, et est notamment soutenu par l'Union européenne à travers le European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant. Le CERPE est connu pour son rôle de conseil dans les politiques publiques belges. Quant au CeReFiM, il a récemment collaboré avec des organisations du secteur privé dans le cadre des chaires de recherche Ageas et BNP Paribas Fortis consacrées à la gestion des risques systémiques et des risques d'actifs.
- L'organisation de diverses activités de recherche qui rassemblent les membres des différents centres de recherche. Ces activités se répartissent en deux catégories : les activités de DeFiPP, par exemple les séminaires hebdomadaires d'économie et les workshops de DeFiPP) et les activités co-organisées avec d'autres universités (par exemple l'atelier de doctorat co-organisé deux fois par an avec l'UCLouvain et l'Université Saint-Louis).
- La participation des trois centres de recherche de la DeFiPP à une école doctorale commune, avec d'autres universités belges, qui permet aux membres de la DeFiPP de suivre des cours de doctorat de haute qualité.