To give to the student a broad vision of the multiple metabolic pathways and their interactions.
To examine the pathways of degradation of the various biomolecules and their synthesis: glucids, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
The student will be able to replace these biochemical reactions in the cell in order to better understand the interactions existing between these various pathways and their regulations.
Starting from these elements, one interests the students in the problems of modern biochemistry like biochemistry of the nutrition or endocrinology.
A chapter of the course is devoted to the system of biotransformation depending on CytP450.
To highlight and to render comprehensible the links which exist between biochemistry, cell biology and physiology.
1) To be able to replace the main roads and metabolic pathways in a cellular context and to understand the links between these metabolic pathways according to the cellular needs.
A very detailed attention will be put on the comprehension of the mechanisms of regulation of the metabolic pathways by the control of the enzymatic activities which catalyse the implied chemical reactions.
2) To know the chemical formulas of principal the metabolites and the enzymes which synthesize them or degrade.
The most important metabolic pathways (catabolic and anabolic) are seen in details and their integration is carried out in a biological and medical context.
Recalls: Insulin and glucose Glycolysis Cycleacids tricarboxylic Transport of the electronsand oxidations phosphorylantes
1) Metabolism of pentoses phosphates
2) Catabolism of the fatty-acids (mobilization ofthe lipids of the food and fat fabric, beta-oxidation of the fatty-acids…)
3) Biosynthesis of the simple lipids: saturated and unsaturated fatty-acids
4) Hormonal regulation
5) Biosynthesis of the complex lipids (phospholipids and cardiolipine, shingolipides and eicosanoïds)
6) Biosynthesis of cholesterol, the steroids andthe biliary acids
7) Aquisition of nitrogen and metabolism of the amino-acids (biosynthesis and degradation)
8) Synthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidic nucleotides, regulations and consequences of the enzymatic deficits (Lesch-Nyhan syndromes,…)
9) The Cytochromes p450 and detoxifications
10) Free radicals and protection mechanisms by enzymatic antioxidants or not
An oral exam.
Central significance is attached precisely to the quality of the reflection (comprehension of the interactions between the metabolic pathways and their interpretation in a physio-pathological context) but also to factual details.
A special attention will be related to the knowledge of the molecular structures (chemical formulas) of principal the metabolites and a restitution of the principal metabolic pathways is expected (molecular structure, and enzymes) to be used as a basis for the discussion.
The students have access to the notes of course on WEB campus.
Didactic support used: table,Power Point projection and transparencies.
Sources, references and support of course;
Deliver reference: “Principles of Biochemistry”LEHNINGER (in English but teaching is given inFrench with supports of course in English).