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Innovation has become increasingly complex. Developing appropriate solutions to our society's growing challenges requires exploring uncommon sources of solutions and combining the efforts of different stakeholders, including citizens or consumers. Co-innovation and co-creation analyze the methods, tools and governance that foster these participatory and collaborative approaches.

The digital revolution has largely contributed to the development of security and surveillance technologies. While they have sometimes been invented for security purposes, they are not without their questions, particularly when it comes to privacy protection.

Nowadays, the development of software systems and their integration into global business services are extremely challenging undertakings. Today's challenges include unprecedented levels of complexity, a growing number of stakeholders, and the need to master an increasingly wide range of skills, techniques, tools and methods..

New developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) have enabled public organizations to innovate in their internal processes and in the services they offer. In this context, these developments have led to the emergence of e-government and smart city concepts that will modify, and ultimately improve, the way public organizations operate.

Information technologies are deeply involved in shaping the contemporary human condition and its social organization. To a certain extent, these technologies are "micro-politics" that endorse, in their concepts and conceptions, moral and political choices affecting our relations with ourselves, with others and with the world. They are both a social construction and a social constraint.

Faced with technological developments such as Big Data, artificial intelligence, algorithms, the Internet of Things, robots, platforms, cybersecurity, etc., digital education has become a major issue for our society. Educational initiatives are now emerging in a variety of directions, affecting all age groups, in formal and informal educational settings.

ILEE combines a broad range of basic, applied and social science skills that focus on three key areas of study, including historical perspectives and extensive partnerships with the global South.

The availability of natural resources for future generations can only be ensured through prudent use.

Through a variety of chemical, biological and physical factors, humans are modifying ecosystems, often with negative results. Environmental changes, in turn, affect the dynamics of human populations.

For four billion years, life on earth has been evolving and transforming in response to environmental change, resulting in fluctuating biological diversity. Ecosystems provide humanity with a wide range of free services that must be managed responsibly.

Since arriving on Earth, man has begun to influence and modify his environment.

ILEE collaborates with partners located in the countries of the South: Africa, Central and South America and Southeast Asia.