At the end of this course, the student must:
Know how bacteria/archaea/unicellular eukaryotes are structured
Understand how these microorganisms generate their energy
Understand how these microorganisms can cause diseases
Understand how these microorganisms are isolated and identified
Understand how these microorganisms can be killed outside and inside a host
Understand the mechanisms of genetic evolution
Understand the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Understand the importance of the microbiota in the good health of the host
Know how viruses are structured
Understand how viruses enter the cell
Understand how viruses replicate in the cell
Understand what the cell can do to limit viral replication
Understand how viruses exit the cell?
Understand how viruses evolve
Understand how to cultivate viruses
Understand how to identify individuals infected by a virus
Understand how to prevent viral replication in vivo
The objective of this course is to discover life on a ‘micro’ scale. This discovery will be made in several stages.
1. Understand the basics of microbiology.
After a brief history of microbiology and its significant discoveries, we will begin by detailing and comparing the structures of bacteria, archaea, microbial eukaryotes and viruses.
2. Discover microbial diversity.
Understand the classification of microorganisms and their taxonomy.
3. Study the replication of microorganisms.
Understand laboratory culture and identification techniques.
4. Explore the interaction between microorganisms and hosts
Understand the symbiotic relationships (commensalism, mutualism, parasitism) between microorganisms and their hosts.
5. Discover the mechanisms of virulence and immune evasion.
Study the defense mechanisms of microorganisms. Understand the basics of immunology in relation to microbial agents (make the link with the innate and adaptive immune responses seen in the immunology course SVETB306).
6. Prevent and control infections.
Study the basic principles of disinfection, sterilization, antiseptics, antibiotics and antivirals. Understand the mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics and antivirals.
We will focus on viruses, bacteria, archaea and microbial eukaryotes.
The structure of microbial cells will be described by distinguishing the 3 domains that are archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. Microbial metabolism will be presented based on fundamental principles of physics and chemistry. The extraordinary diversity of bacterial catabolism will be compared with the multitude of ecosystems colonized by microbes. The study of anabolism will illustrate the universality of macromolecule biosynthesis pathways. The description of microbial genetics and in particular the mechanisms of variation will constitute the molecular basis of the phenomena of resistance to antimicrobial agents. The methods of prophylaxis and antibiotic chemotherapy will be presented.
The second part of the course will describe the viral cycle, from the entry of the virus into the host organism to the infection of a new individual, including the hijacking of the cellular machinery and the subversion of the immune response. The different taxa will be detailed, in particular during the presentation of the mechanisms of replication of the viral genome. Finally, different antiviral strategies will be presented.
Bacteria
Archaea
Unicellular eukaryotes
Microbial metabolism
Microbial culture and identification
Control of microorganisms in the environment
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Bacterial genetics and antibiotic resistance
Microbiota and virulence factors
Introduction to virology
Virus culture and identification
Viral genome and genetics
Capsid and envelope structure
Virus attachment and entry
Viral RNA synthesis from an RNA model
Viral RNA transcription and maturation
DNA virus genome replication
Reverse transcriptase and integrase
Translation
Virion assembly, exit and maturation
Virus evolution
Antivirals
Written exam covering the material seen in theoretical courses and given during the practical work.
Principles of Virology, 4th edition, Flint, Racaniello, Rall and Skalka, ASM press, ISBN 978-1-55581-9514
ViralZone, http://viralzone.expasy.org/
Prescott’s microbiology, 10th edition, Willey Sherwood and Woolverton, Mc Graw Hill education, ISBN 978-1-259-28159-4
Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease, 2nd edition, Quinn, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN-13: 978-1405158237
| Training | Study programme | Block | Credits | Mandatory |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bachelier en médecine vétérinaire | Standard | 0 | 4 | |
| Bachelier en médecine vétérinaire | Standard | 3 | 4 |