Historical and critical introduction to philosophy of nature: critical history of the concept of nature; limits, validity and scope of philosophy of nature; classical examples of philosophy of nature and main concepts of philosophical cosmology (teleology, origin, temporality,...); biological phenomenon and its roots in the universe (definitions of Life, unity of Life, anthropic principles and their problems,...); relations between philosophy of nature and scientific cosmology; description of a philosophy of nature which is compatible with contemporary sciences; debate: relations between philosophy of nature and theorlogy; relations between philosophy of nature and ideology and cultures...